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Potato starch is a highly digestible carbohydrate commonly used in pet foods as a binder, thickener and texture agent to help kibble formation, stabilize wet formulas and create chewy treats. It provides readily available energy but is low in protein, fat and micronutrients, so while generally safe, its high glycemic load and limited nutritional value mean it should be used sparingly—particularly for overweight pets, diabetic animals or cats on low‑carbohydrate diets, and excessive amounts can sometimes contribute to loose stools.

Pea flour is a finely milled powder from whole peas used in pet foods as a plant-based source of protein, starch and fiber to add bulk, improve texture and boost overall protein content. It provides digestible protein, fiber and some micronutrients, but plant proteins are lower in certain essential amino acids (important for cats in particular) and high inclusion of legumes can create formulation imbalances, so manufacturers typically supplement limiting amino acids and process pea flour to reduce anti-nutritional factors; pet owners should note rare allergies and rely on complete, balanced diets rather than single-ingredient comparisons.

Glycerol (glycerin) is used in pet foods primarily as a humectant and sweetening agent to retain moisture, improve texture and palatability, and serve as a solvent or carrier in wet foods, treats, and liquid supplements. It provides a modest source of metabolizable energy for dogs and cats, but in large amounts can cause gastrointestinal upset and may affect blood glucose, so products intended for diabetic pets or sensitive animals should be used with caution.

Cellulose is a purified, plant-derived insoluble fiber commonly used in pet foods as a bulking agent, binder and to adjust kibble texture or calorie density. It is not digestible for dogs or cats but can help increase stool bulk, support satiety and assist hairball control in some formulations; however, it provides no usable nutrients and excessive inclusion may dilute dietary nutrients or cause gastrointestinal upset, particularly in obligate carnivores like cats.

Lecithin is commonly used in pet foods as an emulsifier and texture stabilizer—typically derived from soy, sunflower, or egg—and supplies phospholipids (such as phosphatidylcholine) that help disperse fats and maintain product consistency. In small amounts it contributes choline and supports fat digestion and cell membrane health, but it is not a primary nutrient source; soy-derived lecithin may be a consideration for pets with soy sensitivities and very high intakes can occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset.