Puppy-Vite Liver Flavor Chewable Supplement

Microcrystalline cellulose is an insoluble, non-digestible fiber commonly used in pet foods as a bulking agent, binder and texture modifier and to prevent caking. For dogs and cats it can help add bulk for weight management and improve stool firmness without adding calories, but it supplies no digestible nutrients or fermentable prebiotics, so high levels can dilute nutrient density and may affect palatability; it is generally regarded as safe when used appropriately.

Dicalcium phosphate is an inorganic mineral supplement commonly added to dog and cat foods to supply concentrated, bioavailable calcium and phosphorus for healthy bone and teeth formation as well as general metabolic processes. It must be used in balanced amounts (typical Ca:P targets ≈1:1–1.4:1) because improper ratios or excess phosphorus can contribute to skeletal problems in growing animals and worsen conditions like chronic kidney disease, so formulation and dosing should be carefully controlled.

Liver is a nutrient-dense organ meat used in pet foods as a high-quality protein source, natural flavor enhancer, and a concentrated supply of vitamins and minerals—particularly vitamin A, B vitamins (including B12 and folate), iron and copper. It offers important micronutrients for both dogs and cats but should be fed in controlled amounts because excessive liver can cause vitamin A (and sometimes copper) toxicity, and raw liver carries food-safety risks unless properly processed.

Ascorbic acid is the chemical form of vitamin C commonly used in pet foods as an antioxidant and preservative to protect fats, flavors, and other vitamins from oxidation and sometimes included as a supplemental source of vitamin C. Dogs and cats generally synthesize vitamin C endogenously so it is not essential in most diets, but added ascorbic acid can support immune function and wound healing and help stabilize the product; large supplemental doses can cause gastrointestinal upset or increase urinary oxalate in susceptible animals, so extra supplementation should be guided by a veterinarian.

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid often used in pet food formulations as a fat component, texturizer or coating ingredient to aid kibble structure, palatability and processing rather than as an essential nutrient. While it provides usable energy for dogs and cats and is generally safe in small amounts, it is not an essential fatty acid and high levels of saturated fat can contribute to obesity or worsen pancreatitis in susceptible animals, so overall dietary fat should be monitored.